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非HBV和非HCV感染相关肝细胞癌患者临床特征分析

刘盛芳 李良平

引用本文:
Citation:

非HBV和非HCV感染相关肝细胞癌患者临床特征分析

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.10.013
伦理学声明:本研究方案于2022年11月28日经由四川省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准,批号:伦审(研)2022年第446号。
利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。
作者贡献声明:刘盛芳负责研究数据的获取分析,解释过程并撰写文章;李良平负责研究设计,修改文章关键内容。
详细信息
    通信作者:

    李良平, 18981838872@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-8102-7851)

Clinical features of non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma

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    Corresponding author: LI Liangping, 18981838872@163.com (ORCID: 0000-0001-8102-7851)
  • 摘要:   目的  了解非HBV和非HCV相关肝细胞癌(NBNC-HCC)在肝癌中占比变化情况,对NBNC-HCC的临床病理特征进行比较和分析。  方法  选取2011年1月—2021年12月在四川省人民医院诊断的HCC患者3 090例,根据肝炎标志物结果,分为肝炎病毒相关HCC组(n=2 472)和NBNC-HCC组(n=618),NBNC-HCC组患者根据背景肝病以及合并代谢危险因素情况,分为代谢异常HCC组(n=289)、酒精性肝病(ALD)相关HCC组(n=174)和其他HCC组(n=155)。收集所有HCC患者的一般资料、实验室指标、病理结果。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,三组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。NBNC-HCC在HCC中占比变化趋势采用趋势χ2检验。  结果  NBNC-HCC在肝癌患者中的占比从2011年13.7%增加到2021年20.1%(χ2=5.529,P=0.019),NBNC-HCC组与肝炎病毒相关HCC组患者相比,糖尿病和高血压占比较高(28.0% vs 10.3%,χ2=129.482,P<0.001;33.2% vs 15.2%,χ2=105.079,P<0.001),肝硬化和血管侵犯占比较低(44.5% vs 68.4%,χ2=122.563,P<0.001;20.4% vs 29.6%,χ2=7.749,P=0.005),BMI水平较高(Z=-4.015,P<0.001)。与ALD相关HCC组相比,代谢异常HCC组BMI指数较高、FIB-4指数较低、肝硬化比例较低(P值均<0.05)。  结论  NBNC-HCC患者在肝癌中占比呈上升趋势,NBNC-HCC合并肥胖、糖尿病和高血压等代谢危险因素较多。代谢异常HCC组患者可能在无肝硬化时或者肝纤维化早期发生肝癌。

     

  • 图  1  2011—2021年NBNC-HCC在HCC中占比变化

    Figure  1.  Annual change in the proportion of NBNC-HCC in HCC from 2011 to 2021

    表  1  肝炎病毒相关HCC和NBNC-HCC临床特征比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of clinical features of hepatitis virus-associated HCC and NBNC-HCC

    指标 肝炎病毒相关HCC(n=2 472) NBNC-HCC(n=618) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 55(46~63) 65(56~71) =-16.283 <0.001
    男/女(例) 2 142/330 477/141 χ2=34.290 <0.001
    BMI(kg/m2 22.60(20.80~24.80) 23.38(21.12~25.51) =-4.015 <0.001
    糖尿病[例(%)] 255(10.3) 173(28.0) χ2=129.482 <0.001
    高血压[例(%)] 375(15.2) 205(33.2) χ2=105.079 <0.001
    空腹血糖(mmol/L) 5.00(4.50~5.76) 5.47(4.77~6.80) =-8.917 <0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 122(79~181) 149(101~211) =-7.246 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 60(40~106) 46(31~78) =-8.185 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 48(31~76) 35(21~58) =-9.546 <0.001
    TBil(μmoI/L) 20.2(14.4~29.3) 18.7(13.1~28.5) =-2.515 0.012
    Alb(g/L) 36.4(32.3~40.2) 37.3(33.0~41.1) =-2.810 0.005
    Cr(μmoI/L) 65.3(56.2~75.2) 66.3(56.0~76.2) =-0.982 0.326
    ALBI分级(1/2/3,例) 614/1 629/229 200/360/58 χ2=15.123 0.001
    AFP分级(1/2/3,例) 659/472/1 341 276/92/250 χ2=76.014 <0.001
    肿瘤数量(单/多,例) 1 392/1 080 378/240 χ2=4.710 0.029
    肿瘤直径(cm) 6.20(3.60~9.70) 6.15(3.80~9.20) =-0.254 0.800
    肝硬化[例(%)] 1 692(68.4) 275(44.5) χ2=122.563 <0.001
    FIB-4指数 4.18(2.40~7.73) 3.50(2.22~6.32) =-3.738 <0.001
    Child分级(A/B/C,例) 1 624/669/179 424/158/36 χ2=2.471 0.291
    CNLC分期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ,例) 889/416/969/198 254/74/238/52 χ2=11.035 0.012
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  肝炎病毒相关HCC和NBNC-HCC病理特征比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of pathological features of hepatitis virus-associated HCC and NBNC-HCC

    病理特征 肝炎病毒相关HCC(n=918) NBNC-HCC(n=230) χ2 P
    分化程度(低/中/高,例) 151/679/88 47/150/33 7.600 0.022
    卫星病灶[例(%)] 199(21.7) 39(17.0) 2.494 0.114
    脉管内癌栓[例(%)] 103(11.2) 30(13.0) 0.597 0.440
    血管侵犯[例(%)] 272(29.6) 47(20.4) 7.749 0.005
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  肝炎病毒相关HCC患者在不同时间段的临床特征比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma at different periods

    指标 2011年1月—2016年6月(n=898) 2016年7月—2021年12月(n=1 574) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 54(44~62) 55(47~64) =-4.296 <0.001
    男/女(例) 788/110 1 354/220 χ2=1.475 0.224
    BMI(kg/m2 22.31(20.44~24.40) 22.84(20.82~24.97) =-3.529 <0.001
    糖尿病[例(%)] 72(8.0) 183(11.6) χ2=8.048 0.005
    高血压[例(%)] 102(11.4) 273(17.3) χ2=15.920 <0.001
    空腹血糖(mmol/L) 4.87(4.37~5.50) 5.10(4.63~5.92) =-7.280 <0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 125(79~179) 121(78~181) =-0.224 0.822
    AST(U/L) 69(45~121) 56(37~98) =-6.771 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 50(34~81) 46(30~74) =-3.560 <0.001
    TBil(μmoI/L) 20.1(14.0~30.6) 20.2(14.6~28.9) =-0.330 0.974
    Alb(g/L) 36.6(32.0~40.3) 36.4(32.4~40.1) =-0.665 0.506
    Cr(μmoI/L) 64.9(56.1~75.2) 65.5(56.3~75.1) =-0.583 0.560
    ALBI分级(1/2/3,例) 239/562/97 375/1 067/132 χ2=7.745 0.021
    AFP分级(1/2/3,例) 208/155/535 451/317/806 χ2=16.332 <0.001
    肿瘤数量(单/多,例) 494/404 898/676 χ2=0.968 0.325
    肿瘤直径(cm) 6.75(4.00~10.00) 5.90(3.40~9.60) =-4.039 <0.001
    肝硬化[例(%)] 551(61.4) 1 141(72.5) χ2=32.807 <0.001
    FIB-4指数 4.30(2.54~8.46) 4.12(2.32~7.38) =-2.108 0.035
    Child分级(A/B/C,例) 564/257/77 1 060/412/102 χ2=6.518 0.038
    CNLC分期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ,例) 339/177/299/83 550/239/670/115 χ2=23.427 <0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  NBNC-HCC患者在不同时间段的临床特征比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma at different periods

    指标 2011年1月—2016年6月(n=188) 2016年7月—2021年12月(n=430) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 64(58~71) 65(54~72) =-0.529 0.597
    男/女(例) 140/48 337/93 χ2=1.132 0.287
    BMI(kg/m2 22.62(20.57~25.21) 23.56(21.51~25.62) =-2.875 0.004
    糖尿病[例(%)] 45(23.9) 128(29.8) χ2=2.207 0.137
    高血压[例(%)] 55(29.3) 150(34.9) χ2=1.869 0.172
    空腹血糖(mmol/L) 5.21(4.45~6.52) 5.58(4.90~6.93) =-3.342 0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 148.50(102.75~214.00) 149.00(100.75~209.00) =-0.374 0.708
    AST(U/L) 55(36~93) 43(30~72) =-3.693 <0.001
    ALT(U/L) 36(23~54) 35(21~59) =-0.835 0.404
    TBil(μmoI/L) 18.2(12.2~27.5) 19.0(13.2~28.6) =-0.800 0.424
    Alb(g/L) 37.5(33.0~41.4) 37.2(32.9~40.9) =-0.292 0.770
    Cr(μmoI/L) 65.0(55.0~75.7) 66.8(56.2~76.6) =-1.158 0.247
    ALBI分级(1/2/3,例) 62/106/20 138/254/38 χ2=0.646 0.724
    AFP分级(1/2/3,例) 81/25/82 195/67/168 χ2=1.277 0.528
    肿瘤数量(单/多,例) 113/75 265/165 χ2=0.127 0.721
    肿瘤直径(cm) 6.90(4.10~10.00) 5.85(3.60~9.09) =-2.475 0.013
    肝硬化[例(%)] 63(33.5) 212(49.3) χ2=13.208 <0.001
    FIB-4指数 4.05(2.36~6.85) 3.28(2.05~5.96) =-2.291 0.022
    Child分级(A/B/C,例) 131/45/12 293/113/24 χ2=0.470 0.790
    CNLC分期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ,例) 87/28/55/18 167/46/183/34 χ2=10.128 0.018
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  代谢异常HCC组、ALD相关HCC组和其他HCC组临床特征比较

    Table  5.   Comparison of clinical characteristics of metabolic abnormal liver cancer group, ALD-HCC group and other liver cancer groups

    指标 代谢异常HCC组(n=289) ALD相关HCC组(n=174) 其他HCC组(n=155) 统计值 P
    年龄(岁) 66(56~73) 64(57~69) 63(54~71) H=6.909 0.032
    男/女(例) 202/871) 170/42) 105/50 χ2=58.157 <0.001
    BMI(kg/m2 24.7(23.4~26.5)1)2) 23.1(20.8~25.3)2) 21.1(19.8~22.2) H=192.082 <0.001
    糖尿病[例(%)] 128(44.3)1)2) 41(23.6)2) 4(2.6) χ2=89.434 <0.001
    高血压[例(%)] 136(47.1)1)2) 51(29.3)2) 18(11.6) χ2=58.810 <0.001
    空腹血糖(mmol/L) 5.9(5.1~7.2)2) 5.6(4.9~7.1)2) 4.8(4.4~5.5) H=77.649 <0.001
    PLT(×109/L) 155.0(111.5~221.0)1) 128.0(83.8~181.8)2) 158.0(105.0~220.0) H=16.250 <0.001
    AST(U/L) 41(30~67)1)2) 51(34~92) 55(33~86) H=13.773 0.001
    ALT(U/L) 34.0(21.0~57.5) 38.0(23.0~60.3) 33.0(20.0~57.0) H=3.138 0.208
    TBil(μmoI/L) 16.9(12.0~24.9)1) 21.3(16.1~37.4)2) 19.1(12.8~29.4) H=22.876 <0.001
    Alb(g/L) 38.3(34.1~41.8)1)2) 35.9(31.4~40.5) 36.2(32.6~40.7) H=11.627 0.003
    Cr(μmoI/L) 68.3(56.0~80.4)2) 66.3(57.7~75.4)2) 61.6(52.8~72.6) H=10.889 0.004
    ALBI分级(1/2/3,例) 107/163/191) 45/106/23 48/91/16 χ2=9.996 0.04
    AFP分级(1/2/3,例) 135/42/112 75/28/71 66/22/67 χ2=1.267 0.867
    肿瘤数量(单/多,例) 190/99 97/77 91/64 χ2=5.095 0.078
    肿瘤直径(cm) 6.1(3.8~9.2) 5.6(3.2~8.8)2) 6.5(4.3~10.0) H=7.040 0.030
    肝硬化[例(%)] 110(38.1)1) 103(59.2)2) 62(40.0) χ2=19.527 <0.001
    FIB-4指数 3.1(1.9~5.1)1) 4.4(2.6~9.0)2) 3.4(2.3~6.3) H=12.833 0.002
    Child分级(A/B/C,例) 231/51/71)2) 93/59/222) 100/48/7 χ2=45.289 <0.001
    CNLC分期(Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ,例) 134/32/111/121) 59/20/65/32) 61/22/62/10 χ2=28.334 <0.001
    注:与ALD相关HCC组比较,1)P<0.05;与其他HCC组比较,2)P<0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  代谢异常HCC组、ALD-HCC组和其他HCC组病理特征比较

    Table  6.   Comparison of pathological characteristics of metabolically abnormal liver cancer group, ALD-HCC group and other liver cancer groups

    病理特征 代谢异常HCC组(n=112) ALD相关HCC组(n=51) 其他HCC组 (n=67) χ2 P
    分化程度(低/中/高,例) 27/71/14 6/35/10 14/44/9 4.061 0.398
    卫星病灶[例(%)] 12(10.7)1) 8(15.7) 19(28.4) 9.343 0.009
    脉管内癌栓[例(%)] 13(11.6) 6(11.8) 11(16.4) 0.950 0.622
    血管侵犯[例(%)] 19(17.0) 11(21.6) 17(25.4) 1.875 0.392
    注:与其他HCC组比较,1)P<0.05。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-01-16
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