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胰腺癌合并新发糖尿病患者的临床特征分析
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2022.12.018
伦理学声明：本研究方案于2019年7月24日经山西医科大学第一医院伦理委员会审批，批号：[2019]伦审字(SK013)号。
利益冲突声明：本研究不存在研究者、伦理委员会成员、受试者监护人以及与公开研究成果有关的利益冲突。
作者贡献声明：赵倩参与收集、分析数据及撰写论文；王妍参与修改论文及最终定稿；冯永亮、魏志刚负责课题研究思路及设计过程。
Clinical characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer combined with new onset diabetes mellitus
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摘要:
目的 探讨胰腺癌(PC)合并新发糖尿病(DM)患者的临床特征，为定义PC高危人群提供依据。 方法 回顾性选取2016年1月—2021年12月山西医科大学第一医院收治的426例PC病例，将其分为新发DM组(病程≤2年, n=74)、长期DM组(病程＞2年, n=50)及单纯PC组(无DM, n=302)，收集其基本人口学资料、吸烟饮酒史、既往史、家族史、DM用药情况、临床特征(首发症状、肿瘤直径、肿块位置、胰管扩张、手术切除情况)及生化指标(FPG、CA19-9、CA125)，同时对PC合并DM行手术切除者的血糖情况进行随访，时间为术后半年。正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用t检验；非正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验。 结果 426例PC患者中，68.3%为男性，31.7%为女性，PC合并DM人群中，新发DM占59.7%。较长期DM组，新发DM组发病年龄低(t=-2.041，P=0.043)，合并高血压(χ2=3.950，P=0.047)、DM家族史(χ2=3.893，P=0.048)比例低，FPG水平低(Z=-2.740，P=0.005)，吸烟者比例高(χ2=7.032，P=0.008)，体质量变化明显(Z=-2.161，P=0.031)，肿瘤直径大(Z=-2.269，P=0.023)，伴胰管扩张者比例高(χ2=4.870，P=0.027)，两组患者在DM用药方面差异有统计学意义(χ2=1.976，P＜0.05)。对目标人群随访半年后，新发DM手术组血糖改善者7例(36.8%)，长期DM手术组0例。较单纯PC组，新发DM组发病年龄低(t=-0.273，P=0.039)，BMI水平稍高(t=-2.139，P=0.033)，体质量变化明显(Z=-2.262，P=0.024)，合并高血压比例高(χ2=17.438，P＜0.001)，FPG水平高(Z=-8.322，P＜0.001)，胰管扩张者比例高(χ2=3.983，P=0.046)。 结论 PC患者中，合并新发DM者发病年龄相对较低，有吸烟史、无DM家族史、伴体重明显下降、FPG水平难控制、伴胰管扩张的新发DM患者可能是PC高危人群，应注意早期筛查。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) complicated with new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), and to provide a basis for defining a high-risk group for PC. Methods The 426 PC cases admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively selected and divided into new DM group (disease duration ≤2 years, n=74), long-term DM group (disease duration > 2 years, n=50) and simple PC group (no DM, n=302). We collected their basic demographic information, smoking and drinking history, disease history, family history, DM medication, clinical characteristics (first symptoms, tumor diameter, mass location, pancreatic duct dilatation, surgical resection) and biochemical indexes (FPG, CA19-9, CA125). The glycemic status of those who underwent surgical resection was monitored for six months after surgery. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test and the Fisher's exact test were used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results Of the 426 PC patients, 68.3% were male and 31.7% were female. New-onset DM accounted for 59.7% of the PC patients with DM. Compared with the long-term DM group, the new-onset DM group had a lower age of onset (t=-2.041, P=0.043), a lower proportion of combined hypertension (χ2=3.950, P=0.047), a lower family history of DM (χ2=3.893, P=0.048), a lower FPG level (Z=-2.740, P=0.005), a higher proportion of smokers (χ2=7.032, P=0.008), significant weight change (Z=-2.161, P=0.031), larger tumor diameter (Z=-2.269 P=0.023), high proportion of those with pancreatic duct dilatation (χ2=4.870, P=0.027), and significant differences in DM medication (χ2=1.976, P < 0.05). At six months of follow-up, 7 patients (36.8%) in the new-onset DM surgery group had glycemic improvement, but none in the long-term DM surgery group. Compared with the PC-only group, the new-onset DM group had a lower age of onset (t=-0.273, P=0.039), a slightly higher BMI level (t=-2.139, P=0.033), a significant weight change (Z=-2.262, P=0.024), a higher proportion of complicated hypertension (χ2=17.438, P < 0.001), a higher FPG level (Z=-8.322, P < 0.001), and a high proportion of dilated pancreatic ducts (χ2=3.983, P=0.046). Conclusion Among PC patients, the onset age is relatively young in those complicated with new-onset DM. Patients with new-onset DM who smoke, have no family history of DM, have significant weight loss, have difficulty in controlling FPG levels, and pancreatic duct dilatation may be at high-risk for PC and should be screened early. -
Key words:
- Pancreatic Neoplasms /
- Diabetes Mellitus /
- Pathology, Clinical
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表 1 426例患者基线资料
Table 1. Baseline data of 426 patients
特征 数值 年龄(岁) 64.59±10.79 性别[例(%)] 男 291(68.3) 女 135(31.7) 吸烟史[例(%)] 有 149(35.0) 无 277(65.0) 饮酒史[例(%)] 有 92(21.6) 无 334(78.4) 高血压史[例(%)] 有 137(32.2) 无 289(67.8) 血脂异常[例(%)] 有 290(68.1) 无 70(16.4) 不详 66(15.5) 体质量下降[例(%)] 有 240(56.3) 无 185(43.4) 不详 1(0.3) ΔWt(kg) 2.50(0~5.00) BMI(kg/m2) 21.69±3.25 首发症状[例(%)] 腹痛 190(44.6) 腹胀及不适 132(31.0) 黄疸 73(17.1) 体检 22(5.2) 肿瘤部位[例(%)] 胰头 257(60.3) 胰体尾 157(36.9) 其他 12(2.8) 胰管扩张[例(%)] 有 254(59.6) 无 150(35.2) 不详 22(5.2) 手术切除[例(%)] 是 90(21.1) 否 336(78.9) CA19-9(U/mL) 203.50(57.05~750.5) CA125(U/mL) 39.50(15.66~203.93) 
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表 2 新发DM组和长期DM组基本特征比较
Table 2. Comparison of basic characteristics between the new-onset DM group and the long-term DM group
特征 新发DM组(n=74) 长期DM组(n=50) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 62.04±11.77 66.22±10.26 t=-2.041 0.043 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.170 0.681 男 50(67.6) 32(64.0) 女 24(32.4) 18(36.0) 吸烟史[例(%)] χ2=7.032 0.008 有 30(40.5) 9(18.0) 无 44(59.5) 41(82.0) 饮酒史[例(%)] χ2=1.976 0.160 有 18(24.3) 7(14.0) 无 56(75.7) 43(86.0) BMI(kg/m2) 22.40±3.28 21.82±2.98 0.319 ΔWt(kg) 5.00(0~7.63) 3.00(0~5.00) Z=-2.161 0.031 高血压史[例(%)] χ2=3.950 0.047 有 37(50.0) 34(68.0) 无 37(50.0) 16(32.0) 血脂异常[例(%)] χ2=1.089 0.297 有 57(77.0) 32(64.0) 无 12(16.2) 11(22.0) 不详 5(6.8) 7(14.0) 胆石症史[例(%)] χ2=0.402 0.526 有 17(23.0) 14(28.0) 无 57(77.0) 36(72.0) 胆囊切除术[例(%)] χ2=0.168 0.682 有 6(8.1) 6(12.0) 无 68(91.9) 44(88.0) PC家族史[例(%)] χ2=1.330 0.249 有 4(5.4) 0 无 70(94.6) 50(100.0) DM家族史[例(%)] χ2=3.893 0.048 有 3(4.1) 8(16.0) 无 71(95.9) 42(84.0)
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表 3 新发DM组和长期DM组临床特征比较
Table 3. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the new-onset DM group and the long-term DM group
特征 新发DM组(n=74) 长期DM组(n=50) 统计值 P值 首发症状[例(%)] 腹痛 27(36.5) 22(44.0) χ2=0.705 0.401 腹胀及不适 19(25.7) 13(26.0) χ2=0.002 0.968 黄疸 11(14.9) 6(12.0) χ2=0.207 0.649 体检 7(9.5) 4(8.0) χ2=0.000 1.0 肿瘤直径(cm) 4.00(2.92~4.92) 3.5(2.50~4.30) Z=-2.269 0.023 肿瘤部位[例(%)] χ2=2.869 0.090 头部 52(70.3) 27(54.0) 体尾部 21(28.4) 21(42.0) 不详 1(1.3) 2(4.0) 胰管扩张[例(%)] χ2=4.870 0.027 有 54(73.0) 25(50.0) 无 19(25.7) 21(42.0) 不详 1(1.3) 4(8.0) 手术切除[例(%)] χ2=0.045 0.833 是 19(25.7) 12(24.0) 否 55(74.3) 38(76.0) 用药情况[例(%)] χ2=1.976 ＜0.001 口服药 20(27.0) 21(42.0) 胰岛素 21(28.4) 16(32.0) 口服药+胰岛素 7(9.5) 11(22.0) 未治疗 26(35.1) 2(4.0) FPG(mmol/L) 9.00(7.00~10.16) 11.07(7.57~13.65) Z=-2.740 0.005 CA19-9(U/mL) 290.88(58.68~1238.94) 336.50(64.48~1038.40) Z=-0.020 0.984 CA125(U/mL) 38.50(15.30~192.03) 48.90(12.90~292.65) Z=-0.190 0.850
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表 4 新发DM与长期DM行手术患者血糖随访情况
Table 4. Follow-up of blood glucose in patients with new onset DM and long-term DM undergoing surgery
分组 例数 血糖改善[例(%)] 新发DM手术组 19 7(36.8) 长期DM手术组 12 0
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表 5 新发DM组与单纯PC组基本特征比较
Table 5. Comparison of basic characteristics between the new-onset DM group and the PC-only group
特征 新发DM组(n=74) 单纯PC组(n=302) 统计值 P值 年龄(岁) 62.04±11.77 64.95±10.56 t=-0.273 0.039 性别[例(%)] χ2=0.074 0.785 男 50(67.6) 209(69.2) 女 24(32.4) 93(30.8) 吸烟史[例(%)] χ2=0.431 0.511 有 30(40.5) 110(36.4) 无 44(59.5) 192(63.6) 饮酒史[例(%)] χ2=0.155 0.693 有 18(24.3) 67(22.2) 无 56(75.7) 235(77.8) ΔWt(kg) 5.00(0~7.63) 2.50(0~5.00) Z=-2.262 0.024 BMI(kg/m2) 22.40±3.28 21.49±3.27 t=-2.139 0.033 高血压史[例(%)] χ2=17.438 ＜0.001 有 37(50.0) 76(25.2) 无 37(50.0) 226(74.8) 血脂异常[例(%)] χ2=0.087 0.768 有 57(77.0) 201(66.6) 无 12(16.2) 47(15.6) 不详 5(6.8) 54(17.8) 胆石症史[例(%)] χ2=0.317 0.573 有 17(23.0) 79(26.2) 无 57(77.0) 223(73.8) 胆囊切除术[例(%)] χ2=0.852 0.098 有 6(8.1) 16(5.3) 无 68(91.9) 286(94.7)
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表 6 新发DM组与单纯PC组临床特征比较
Table 6. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the new-onset DM group and the PC-only group
特征 新发DM组(n=74) 单纯PC组(n=302) 统计值 P值 首发症状[例(%)] 腹痛 27(36.5) 141(46.7) χ2=2.503 0.114 腹胀及不适 19(25.7) 100(33.1) χ2=1.520 0.218 黄疸 11(14.9) 56(18.5) χ2=0.549 0.459 体检 7(9.5) 11(3.6) χ2=4.412 0.036 肿瘤直径(cm) 4.00(2.92~4.92) 3.90(3.00~4.80) Z=-1.012 0.311 肿瘤部位[例(%)] χ2=2.750 0.097 头部 52(70.3) 178(59.0) 体尾部 21(28.4) 115(38.1) 不详 1(1.3) 9(2.9) 胰管扩张[例(%)] χ2=3.983 0.046 有 54(73.0) 175(58.0) 无 19(25.7) 110(36.4) 不详 1(1.3) 17(5.6) 手术切除[例(%)] χ2=1.363 0.243 是 19(25.7) 59(19.5) 否 55(74.3) 243(80.5) FPG(mmol/L) 9.00(7.00~10.16) 5.70(5.00~6.82) Z=-8.322 ＜0.001 CA19-9(U/mL) 290.88(58.68~1238.94) 166.00(56.44~628.37) Z=-1.070 0.285 CA125(U/mL) 38.50(15.30~192.03) 38.00(15.80~158.61) Z=-0.081 0.936
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