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Several issues regarding evaluation of renal injury and renal insufficiency in patients with liver disease
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摘要:
病毒性肝炎和肝硬化等肝病患者的肾损伤和肾功能不全总体上可分为急性肾损伤(AKI)、慢性肾病和慢加急性肾病。AKI又分为1期(风险期)、2期(损伤期)和3期(衰竭期)。肝肾综合征传统上分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ型,近年提出还存在伴有肾器质性损伤的Ⅲ型。肝病伴肾病一词被用来描述肝硬化背景下任何类型的肾疾病。目前临床上判断肝病时肾功能状态相对敏感和准确的生化指标包括估算的肾小球滤过率、单位时间内血清肌酐的升幅、血清胱抑素C水平等,尿微量白蛋白水平等对早期发现肾病也有重要价值。肝病病因、严重程度、感染等并发症、营养状态、治疗药物以及基础肾病等均可能与肝病状态下的肾损伤和肾功能不全相关,应注意辨别。
Abstract:In patients with liver disease such as viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis,renal injury and renal insufficiency can be generally classified as acute kidney injury( AKI),chronic kidney disease,and acute- on- chronic nephropathy. AKI can be classified as stage 1( risk stage),stage 2( injury stage),and stage 3( failure stage). Traditionally hepatorenal syndrome is classified as types Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and in recent years,type Ⅲ hepatorenal syndrome with organic renal injury has been proposed. Hepatorenal disorder( HRD) is used to describe any renal disease which occurs in patients with liver cirrhosis. At present,sensitive and accurate biochemical parameters used to evaluate renal function in patients with liver disease in clinical practice include estimated glomerular filtration rate,increase in serum creatinine within unit time,and serum cystatin C level,and urinary microalbumin level also plays an important role in the early diagnosis of nephropathy. Causes of liver disease,severity,complications including infection,nutritional status,therapeutic drugs,and underlying nephropathy may be associated with renal injury and renal insufficiency in patients with liver disease and should be differentiated.
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Key words:
- liver diseases /
- renal insufficiency /
- glomerular filtration rate
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