Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical effect of ultrasound- guided injection of lauromacrogol versus anhydrous ethanol as the sclerotherapy for simple hepatic cyst,as well as the incidence rates of adverse events and changes in liver function and the results of routine blood test after surgery,and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two sclerosing agents in the treatment of simple hepatic cyst.Methods A total of 62 patients with simple hepatic cyst who were treated in Department of Gastroenterology,Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group(lauromacrogol group) and control group(anhydrous ethanol group).The patients in these two groups were given ultrasound- guided injection of lauromacrogol and anhydrous ethanol,respectively.The incidence rates of intraoperative and postoperative adverse events,cure rate,changes in the serum levels of serum total bilirubin(TBil),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),cholinesterase(CHE),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and changes in the results of routine blood test within 24 hours after surgery were compared between the two groups.The t- test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups,and the chi- square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had significantly lower incidence rates of adverse events and a significantly lower blood alcohol concentration(both P < 0.05).The cure rate(1 and 6 months after surgery) and the changes in the results of routine blood test within 24 hours after surgery showed no significant differences between the two groups(both P > 0.05).At 1 week after surgery,the serum levels of ALT and AST showed significant differences between the observation group and the control group for single hepatic cyst(t =- 3.680 and- 5.571,P = 0.001 and < 0.001),while the serum levels of ALT and AST showed significant differences between the observation group and the control group for multiple hepatic cysts(t =- 2.156 and- 4.626,P = 0.040 and < 0.001).Conclusion Ultrasound- guided injection of lauromacrogol or anhydrous ethanol as the sclerotherapy for simple hepatic cyst is safe and effective,with mild injury and a relatively high clinical cure rate.However,compared with anhydrous ethanol,lauromacrogol causes significantly fewer adverse events and milder adverse effects on liver function.As for patients with multiple hepatic cysts and poor hepatic functional reserve,lauromacrogol has obvious superiority and can be used as the first- line sclerosing agent.