Objective To investigate the association between PPARγ gene rs3856806 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD). Methods The blood samples of 189 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD by B- ultrasound and 184 healthy normal subjects were collected to determine the genotypes of PPARγ gene rs3856806 by improved multiple ligase detection reaction. Comparison of categorical data between the two groups was made by Pearson chi- square test,and comparison of continuous data was made by t test. And the logistic regression analysis was used for calculating odds ratio( OR) and 95% confidence interval( 95% CI). Results The NAFLD group had significantly higher body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,and levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,gamma- glutamyl transpeptidase,glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and low- density lipoprotein than the control group( P<0. 05). However,the NAFLD group had a significantly lower level of high- density lipoprotein than the control group( P < 0. 01). There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of rs3856806 between the two groups( P >0. 05). The patients with rs3856806 T allele showed higher risk of developing NAFLD than those with C allele( OR = 1. 068,95% CI: 0. 748- 1. 525,P > 0. 05).The unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with TT / TC genotypes had higher risk of developing NAFLD than those with CC genotype( OR = 1. 077,95% CI: 0. 706- 1. 643,P > 0. 05). Conclusion PPARγ gene rs3856806 polymorphism is not significantly associated with NAFLD.